The influence of quasi-cooperative strategy on social dilemma evolution

Abstract

This paper introduces impurely altruistic individuals (quasi-cooperators) intermediate between cooperator and defector. Emphasis on individuals increasing their payoffs when playing with cooperators and mitigating their losses when playing with defectors. When playing with quasi-cooperators, the payoff is between choosing cooperation and defection. The results show that for specific values of temptation, the oppression by quasi-cooperators is detrimental to the payoff of cooperators. In comparison, the presence of quasi-cooperators helps cooperators prevent defectors' intrusion under high defection losses, thus facilitating the evolution of cooperation. The rewarding and punishing behavior is an effective way to maintain cooperation among individuals while providing a new perspective for studying the influence of different types of individuals in social groups on the evolution of cooperation.