Abstract
Leymus chinensis is a dominant, rhizomatous perennial C3 species in the grasslands of Songnen Plain of Northern China, and its productivity has decreased year by year. To determine how productivity of this species responds to different precipitation regimes, elevated CO2 and their interaction in future, we measured photosynthetic parameters, along with the accumulation and partitioning of biomass. Plants were subjected to combinations of three precipitation gradients (normal precipitation, versus normal ± 40%) and two CO2 levels (380±20 µmol mol-1,760±20 µmol mol-1) in controlled-environment chambers. The net photosynthetic rate, and above-ground and total biomass increased due to both elevated CO2 and increasing precipitation, but not significantly so when precipitation increased from the normal to high level under CO2 enrichment. Water use efficiency and the ratio of root: total biomass increased significantly when precipitation was low, but decreased when it was high under CO2 enrichment. Moreover, high precipitation at the elevated level of CO2 increased the ratio between stem biomass and total biomass. The effect of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation was higher at the low level of precipitation than with normal or high precipitation. The results suggest that at ambient CO2 levels, the net photosynthetic rate and biomass of L. chinensis increase with precipitation, but those measures are not further affected by additional precipitation when CO2 is elevated. Furthermore, CO2 may partly compensate for the negative effect of low precipitation on the growth and development of L. chinensis.
Highlights
In the grassland ecosystems of the eastern Eurasian steppes, Leymus chinensis is a typical perennial C3 grass with rhizomatous propagation that is distributed widely in areas including the Russian Baikal, the northern and eastern parts of Mongolia, the North China Plain, and the Inner Mongolian plateau of China [1], [2]
Soil water content was not significantly affected by the interaction of precipitation and elevated CO2 (Table 1, Fig. 3). Gas exchange parameters Both precipitation regime and elevated CO2 had a significant influence on the photosynthetic rate (Pn), gs, Ci, E, and water use efficiency (WUE) (Table 1)
Ambient CO2, Pn, gs and E increased significantly with increasing precipitation (Fig. 4a, b, d), whereas WUE showed a significant decline under high precipitation, compared to under low and normal precipitation (P,0.001) (Fig. 4e)
Summary
In the grassland ecosystems of the eastern Eurasian steppes, Leymus chinensis is a typical perennial C3 grass with rhizomatous propagation that is distributed widely in areas including the Russian Baikal, the northern and eastern parts of Mongolia, the North China Plain, and the Inner Mongolian plateau of China [1], [2]. It is a dominant plant species in those relatively dry areas due to its tolerance of drought and saline-alkaline soils [3]. Regional climate models predict that climatic changes induced by CO2 will exacerbate the dryness of the semiarid region of China [8], [9]
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