Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder resulting either from insulin resistance or an impaired insulin secretion. Prolonged elevated blood glucose concentration, the key clinical sign of diabetes, initiates an enhancement of reactive oxygen species derived from glucose autoxidation and glycosylation of proteins. Consequently, chronic oxidative stress overwhelms cellular endogenous antioxidant defenses and leads to the acute and long-standing structural and functional changes of macromolecules resulting in impaired cellular functioning, cell death and organ dysfunction. The oxidative stress provoked chain of pathological events over time cause diabetic complications such as nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, hypertension, and liver disease. Under diabetic conditions, accompanying genome/epigenome and metabolite markers alterations may also affect glucose homeostasis, pancreatic β-cells, muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. By providing deeper genetic/epigenetic insight of direct or indirect dietary effects, nutrigenomics offers a promising opportunity to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients. Natural plant extracts, or their naturally occurring compounds, were shown to be very proficient in the prevention and treatment of different pathologies associated with oxidative stress including diabetes and its complications. Considering that food intake is one of the crucial components in diabetes’ prevalence, progression and complications, this review summarizes the effect of the major plant secondary metabolite and phytoconstituents on the antioxidant enzymes activity and gene expression under diabetic conditions.
Highlights
To overcome limitations in current diabetes therapy, medicinal ment of T2D has been shown to be delayed by oral antihyperglycemic treatment, β-cell plants could be potentially used as auxiliary medicines with additive effects on antidiabetic drugs function continues to decline in diabetic patients with progressive failure of insulin secreaction
This study indicated that C. erythraea extract (CEE) improved the structural and functional properties of pancreatic β-cells, at least in part, by correcting the activities of redox-sensitive nuclear factor kappa B protein subunit 65 (NF-κB-p65), forkhead box O3 (FOXO3A), specificity protein 1 (Sp1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) transcription factors and by modulating the activities of pro-survival protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38)
Administration of curcumin dissolved in corn oil (15 mg/5 mL/kg body weight) for six weeks to STZ-diabetic rats, normalized their blood glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and increased concentration of GSH and the activities of CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) antioxidant enzymes in the liver
Summary
On been the other hand, blood glucose levels in type 2 dia- treatment, β-cell function to decline in diabetic patients withthough progressive failure of insulin betes (T2D) are regulated bycontinues oral antihyperglycemic therapy [4]. To overcome limitations in current diabetes therapy, medicinal ment of T2D has been shown to be delayed by oral antihyperglycemic treatment, β-cell plants could be potentially used as auxiliary medicines with additive effects on antidiabetic drugs function continues to decline in diabetic patients with progressive failure of insulin secreaction. Products and phytoconstituents can influence gene expression and gene regulation that Several compounds or natural products have been reported as analogs of synthetic contribute to diabetes risk, progression and complications affecting altered glucose antidiabetic drugs with advantage ofβ-cells, havingliver, few or no side effects [8]. Some of defined bioactive components isolated from different plants might be used as a solid basis for synthetizing novel antidiabetic drugs with a final aim of improving diabetic condition and diminishing any drug-induced side effects
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
