Abstract
The influence of the pH (1–6) on the rates and yields in the dehydration of d-fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and the rehydration of HMF to levulinic and formic acids at 175° has been studied by using a stirred tank-reactor. The conversion rate of d-fructose passes through a minimum at pH 3.1, whereas at pH τ 3.9 no formation of HMF occurred and at pH τ 2.7 no formation of levulinic acid occurred. Isomerisation to d-glucose is observed at pH τ4.5. When a weak-acid anion, which functions as a base catalyst, is present at pH 3, the yield of HMF is lowered and isomerisation occurs.
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