Abstract
Successful aging is achieved throughout the life course, and successful aging groups tend to have good psychosocial and physical conditions and are active in social activities. With increasing age, the mental health problems of older adults have become increasingly prominent, and the choice of pension mode is closely related to the mental health of older adults. Starting from the psychological level of the older adult, this paper used data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to study the impact of three pension methods on the mental health of older adults. The study found that, at present, there are three types of pension modes in China: living alone, family pension, and institutional care, and family pensions are still the mainstream pension mode. Older adults with deeper negative feelings are more inclined to family pensions than to live alone, but the spiritual comfort provided by family members does not improve the negative feelings of older adults. Institutional care deepens the negative feeling and reduces the positive feeling of older adults. In addition, retirement or pension and medical insurance, as life security in old age, can effectively reduce the negative feelings of old age and promote positive feelings. In view of the present situation of China’s pension mode and the psychological characteristics of the older adults, we should further build a perfect family pension security system, promote the personalized service construction of older adult care institutions, promote applicable aging renovation of existing residential areas, and encourage older adults to engage in healthy exercise.
Highlights
Data from the 7th China’s National Census in 2021 show that there are currently260 million people over the age of 60 in China, accounting for 18.7% of the country’s total population, and in 2020, the dependency ratio of China’s aging population rose to 16.9%.The scale of aging is unprecedented and an increased number of psychological problems have occurred because of the rising number of persons surviving into old age
The regression results showed that compared with living alone, a family pension significantly improved the positive feelings of the older adult; that is, older adults who chose a family pension had more positive psychological health, and nursing home living had reduced geriatric positivity, but not significantly
In the demographic characteristic variables, the increase in age significantly reduced the positive feeling of older adults, and the older the positive feeling of old age was, the lower the positive mental health score was
Summary
Data from the 7th China’s National Census in 2021 show that there are currently260 million people over the age of 60 in China, accounting for 18.7% of the country’s total population, and in 2020, the dependency ratio of China’s aging population rose to 16.9%.The scale of aging is unprecedented and an increased number of psychological problems have occurred because of the rising number of persons surviving into old age. According to a survey conducted by the National Health Commission, 30.3% of older adults in urban areas have a mental health problem, while only 26.8% of older adults in rural areas do. Mental health problems in older adults directly affect their participation in social activities and physical health level, and the breakdown of family and social relationships caused by psychological problems severely affect the quality of life of older adults and the harmony and stability of the entire society. Much attention has been given to how to solve the mental health problems of the older adult population, improve the quality of life for the older adult population, and promote a harmonious society
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