Abstract

Approximately a half of all consumed lubricants, in one or another way, end up in the environment. Some countries put forward recommendations or even requirements for the use of environmentally friendly bio-lubricants the purpose of which is to reduce a negative influence of lubricants. The priority areas of using environmentally friendly lubricants cover water transport, hydraulic systems in forestry machinery, railway applications, road building machines etc. Particularly it is the case when an increased possibility of putting a lubricant in the environment occurs. Regarding good lubricity and excellent biodegradability, vegetable oils are widely used as environmentally friendly lubricants. The biggest disadvantage of vegetable oils as base stock for lubricants is pure oxidation stability. This article deals with the influence of thermal oxidation on tribological properties of rapeseed oil. The obtained results show that oxidation decreases lubrication ability due to structural changes in oil. The greatest negative influence of oxidation is obtained at the end of the induction period. Santrauka Gerai žinomas faktas, jog apie pusė visų šiuo metu naudojamų alyvų vienokiu ar kitokiu būdu patenka į aplinką. Siekiant sumažinti tepamųjų medžiagų neigiamą įtaką aplinkai, tam tikrose srityse rekomenduojama, o kai kuriose šalyse net reikalaujama naudoti aplinkai nekenkiančias biologines tepamąsias medžiagas. Susidaro didesnė galimybė šioms medžiagoms tiesiogiai patekti į aplinką ir prioritetinėmis šių medžiagų naudojimo sritimis yra laikomas vandens transportas, miškų ūkio mašinų hidraulinės sistemos, geležinkelio mechanizmai, kelių tiesimo mašinos ir kt. Dėl gerų tepamųjų savybių ir gero biologinio suirstamumo augaliniai aliejai yra gana plačiai naudojami gaminant aplinkai nekenkiančias alyvas. Didžiausias tokių bazinių tepamųjų medžiagų trūkumas yra palyginti mažas atsparumas oksidacijai. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama rapsų aliejaus oksidacijos įtaka jo tribologinėms savybėms. Gauti rezultatai rodo, jog aliejaus oksidacija dėl jame vykstančių struktūrinių pokyčių padidina trinties nuostolius ir paviršių nusidėvėjimą, didžiausią įtaką šiems parametrams darydama pasibaigus alyvos oksidacijos indukciniam periodui. Резюме Хорошо известен факт, что около половины применяемого масла попадает в окружающую среду. С целью сократить вред, наносимый окружающей среде от этих выбросов, рекомендуется, а в некото рых странах и требуется применение в некоторых областях биологических смазочных материалов. Приоритетными областями для применения этих материалов являются водный транспорт, гидравлические системы машин лесного хозяйства, механизмы железной дороги, машины для строительства дорог и др., т. е. те, в которых имеется повышенная возможность попадания смазочных материалов в окружающую среду. Растительные масла из-за хороших смазочных свойств и быстрого биологического распада широко применяются при производстве биологических масел. Наибольшим недостатком таких базовых масел является их относительно небольшая стойкость к оксидации. В представляемой статье приведены результаты исследований влияния оксидации рапсового масла на его трибологические свойства. Полученные результаты показывают, что оксидация масла из-за происходящих в нем структурных изменений увеличивает потери на трение и изнашивание поверхности, наибольшее влияние проявляется при окончании индукционного периода оксидации масла.

Highlights

  • In the pursuit of alternative mineral oils and reduction in environment pollution, the use of environmentally friendly biological origin lubricating materials are foremost promoted

  • When estimating lubricating properties of oxidized vegetable oil, it should be kept in mind that an increasing amount of hydroperoxides causes both changes in triglyceride structure and an increasing amount of free fatty acids. e application of certain hydroperoxides typical of triglycerides might reveal their impact on lubricating properties which is of great importance at the initial oxidation stages (Fox, Stachowiak 2007)

  • Volatile products dissolve in water under this test, which results in a rapid increase in electrical conductivity monitored by the Rancimat apparatus. e period between the samples was determined during primary experiments according to induction period (IP) time

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Summary

Introduction

In the pursuit of alternative mineral oils and reduction in environment pollution, the use of environmentally friendly biological origin lubricating materials are foremost promoted. Research carried out when lubricating with oxidized sun ower oil under boundary lubrication conditions has shown that the increasing amount of hydroperoxides reduces reduction properties of oil wear (Fox, Stachowiak 2003). E application of certain hydroperoxides typical of triglycerides might reveal their impact on lubricating properties which is of great importance at the initial oxidation stages (Fox, Stachowiak 2007). When lubricating with this oil is under limited conditions, friction and wear decreases on the interacting surfaces (Fox, Stachowiak 2003). Oil containing a great amount of polyunsaturated fat acids is found to possess good lubricating properties at high temperatures because it forms friction polymers on the interacting surfaces (Murakami, Sakamoto 2003). E aim of this research is to analyze the impact of thermal oxidation on tribological properties of rapeseed oil

Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions e performed research has arrived at the following conclusions
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