Abstract
In connection with a decrease in soil fertility, it is necessary to revise the doses of mineral fertilizers when growing watermelons of the Shirin variety in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan. It is also necessary to establish the doses of fertilizers that have a positive effect on the yield and quality of the products obtained. The research was carried out at the experimental base of the Research Institute of Vegetables - Melons and Potatoes, located in the Tashkent region. The soils where the studies were carried out are typical gray soils of old irrigation with a humus content in the upper 0-25 cm horizon of about 1%, in the lower 25-40 cm horizon - about 0,7%. Calcareous soil, in texture referring stay to the dark loam average at density. During the research, the previously recommended doses of fertilizers were taken for control. During the experiments, the doses of mineral and organic fertilizers were increased accordingly. Studies have shown that the highest yield of good quality watermelons was obtained when applying 25,0 t/ha of manure in combination with N225 P225 K150 kg/ha and was equal to 21,2 t/ha, which is 37,7% higher than on the control variant (N150 P150 K100 kg/ha) and had good biochemical indicators of product quality: sugars 8,11%, dry matter 9,1%, ascorbic acid 21,6 mg%, nitrogen nitrates 20,6 mg/kg, on the control these indicators were equal to 6,65%, 8,6%, 17,9 mg%,13.2 mg/kg, respectively.
Highlights
At present, due to intensive farming, soil fertility is decreasing
The entire dose of manure, as well as 50% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied before planting, the remaining 50% of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as well as 50% of nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the first feeding, the remaining 50% of nitrogen fertilizers are applied during the period of mass flowering - the beginning of fruit setting
Experiments with Shirin watermelons were laid in the field in early May The soils are typical gray soils of old irrigation
Summary
Due to intensive farming, soil fertility is decreasing. This was noted in the Decision President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No PP-2460 " On measures for further reform and development of agriculture for the period from 2016-2020" from 29.12.2015. It talks about an increase in the fertility and efficiency of the use of sown land, an increase in the area occupied by vegetables and melons by 91 thousand hectares, under potatoes - by 36 thousand hectares. Intensive use of agricultural land leads to a decrease in their fertility. In connection with the increase in the production of vegetable products, it is necessary to revise the doses of applied fertilizers
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