Abstract
Known as "the third pole of the world", Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occupies an important position among the global plateaus. Due to the complex landform and climate, the types of the traditional dwellings in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are diverse. This paper classifies the traditional dwellings of Qinghai-Tibet plateau based on their architectural plane, structure, material, function, etc. Then remote sensing images combined with field survey are adopted to spatially divide various types of traditional dwellings, and draw their spatial division map. On this basis, the spatial distributions of various dwelling types are fused with the natural environment information of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the patterns and laws of the distribution of various types of dwellings are analyzed. Finally, through the analysis of relevant impact factors, the causes of the temporal and spatial distribution of dwelling forms are revealed. The results show that the natural environment has a decisive influence on the form of the traditional dwellings through geographical features, temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. The overlap of the spatial distribution of various types of dwellings, and the generation of the architectural form such as sloping blockhouse and "Zhuangke" dwelling are the effective responses to the special natural and cultural environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Highlights
Known as "the ridge of the world," Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the highest one of the three natural staircases of China, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters [1]
This paper classifies the vernacular dwellings of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and draws the spatial distribution map of various dwelling types, which has been fused with the natural environment information of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to analyze how the natural environment affects the distribution pattern of the dwelling forms through the geographical features, temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, etc
The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Geographical environment is the dominant factor that influences the distribution of dwelling types: the different geographical environments in different regions lead to different objects and methods of engaging in the material production, in turn, it determines the structural form and functional structure of vernacular dwellings, which has been reflected in the different distributions of residential dwelling types
Summary
Known as "the ridge of the world," Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the highest one of the three natural staircases of China, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters [1]. Restricted by the natural environment, different areas of Qinghai-Tibet plateau have formed different dwelling types, which have their own characteristics. Studies on the influence of natural environment to the architectural forms of dwellings in Qinghai-Tibet plateau are not abundant. Minan Yang explored the morphological characteristics and ecological strategies of “Zhuangke” dwellings in Hehuang area of Qinghai province from three aspects of the structural characteristics of the building, the layout of the courtyard, the materials and craftsmanship [3]. Benteng Liu made a in-depth analysis and comparison of the differences and characteristics of the spatial structure and spatial form of traditional villages and dwellings in Longzhong, Longdongnan, Gannan, and Hexi areas of Gansu from the perspectives of nature, society, and humanities [5]. Most of the existing studies on dwelling types of Qinghai-Tibet plateau mainly concentrated on history, society and national culture. By adopting the research methods of remote sensing image analysis, field investigation, literature analysis etc., the dwelling types of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are classified, the spatial distribution of them and the geographical and climatic conditions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are put together, by which we try to explore the relationship between the natural environment and the distribution of the dwelling forms of Qinghai-Tibet plateau
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