The Influence of Nanofluid Characteristics on the Thermal Performance of Photovoltaic Thermal System

Abstract

Optimal solar energy utilization can be achieved with a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) system, which simultaneously produces electricity and heat. PVT generally uses water as heat transfer fluid to cool the PV cells while transporting heat for other purposes. However, water has low thermal conductivity and capacity as a heat transfer fluid. Nanofluid, which is popular in heat exchanger applications, has also been researched and tested for use in improving the performance of PVT systems. The superior thermal conductivity of nanofluid could produce a PVT system efficiency of up to 89.75%. However, nanofluid applications in the PVT system still face challenges, especially in their preparation and properties. This study determines the properties of nanofluids that could improve the electrical and thermal performance of PVT systems. The authors found that preparation procedures for manufacturing nanofluids were essential for researchers to consider before applying nanofluids. Also, some disadvantages of nanofluids are still an obstacle in their application, especially economic issues and adverse environmental effects.