The influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and paclobutrazol on water and nutritional status of Arbutus unedo L.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze morphological and physiological aspects of Arbutus unedo L. plants treated with paclobutrazol (PAC), compounds characterized by their double activity as plant growth regulators and fungicides, and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch, which forms a special type of mycorrhizal colonization called arbutoid mycorrhiza. Native A. unedo L. seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and subjected to four treatments for 4 months: 0 or 60 mg of PAC and inoculated or not with P. tinctorius (Pers.) . The arbutoid mycorrhizal inoculation increased in plants treated with PAC. Paclobutrazol reduced shoot and root biomass, plant height, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, total root length and number of tips. P. tinctorius increased plant height and had a beneficial effect on the root system (increasing root diameter and the number of tips). PAC treatment led to an increase in ion levels in the leaf tissue, while mycorrhizal inoculation induced lower K and higher P contents in the roots. Leaf water potentials (at predawn and at midday) increased with the combined treatment. The absence of water deficit conditions meant there was no osmotic adjustment. Higher photosynthesis ( P n) values were associated with higher stomatal conductance ( g s) values in the mycorrhizal plants, which influenced water uptake from the roots. However, g s decreased in the PAC-treated plants, reducing photosynthesis and, as a consequence, growth. The higher hydraulic conductivity ( L p) in the plants treated with PAC may have induced a better water energy status and good water transport. The combined treatment produced beneficial effects in the plants, improving their water and nutritional status.