Abstract
Claddings produced by welding are commonly used to increase the durability of the working elements of agricultural tools. The working conditions that occur during the cultivation of agricultural soil determine the wear intensity (different soil fractions, biological, and chemical environment). It was found that the tested claddings (Fe-Cr-C-Nb system) is characterized by three different layers: hypereutectic (layer I), near eutectic (layer II), and hypoeutectic (layer III). In layer I, micro-cracking and spalling of hard and brittle primary M7C3 carbides resulted in micro-delamination under the impact of larger soil fractions, which increased the wear intensity. Due to the lower fraction of primary M7C3 carbides in layer II, the share of micro-delamination was less significant in comparison to layer I. It was found that niobium carbides are firmly embedded in the matrix and effectively inhibit wear intensity in layer I and layer II. Layer III contained austenite dendrites, a refined eutectic mixture, and also NbC. In this layer, cracks (caused the unfavorable eutectic mixture morphology) were found in the interdendritic spaces at the worn surface. After the penetration of the cladding, there was a "wash-out effect", which resulted in a significant reduction in the durability of the working elements due to abrasive wear.
Highlights
Structural elements of machines operating in soil are exposed to heavy abrasive wear and moderate impact loads
This article focuses on a detailed analysis of the heterogeneous structure of claddings produced by welding and its impact on soil wear micro-mechanisms
A detailed analysis of the microstructure of claddings produced by welding from the Fe-Cr-C-Nb system, together with the assessment of their wear micro-mechanisms in soil, can provide prospects for the future design of the hardfacing process in terms of maximizing their wear resistance under specific soil conditions
Summary
Structural elements of machines operating in soil are exposed to heavy abrasive wear and moderate impact loads (in analyzed working conditions). Due to the reduction of costs associated with the prolonged use of the working parts of agricultural tools, material selection, which is perfectly adapted to the requirements of the tribological system, is very important. Research has been published that describes the mechanisms of abrasive wear of commonly used materials, such as martensitic steels with boron [8,9], cemented-carbides [10,11], and claddings produced by welding [12,13,14,15]. This article focuses on a detailed analysis of the heterogeneous structure of claddings produced by welding and its impact on soil wear micro-mechanisms. In work [13], reports that the Materials 2020, 13, 1920; doi:10.3390/ma13081920 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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