Abstract
Powder mixture of 50 mass % of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and 50 mass % of iron (Fe) was prepared by solid-state reaction technique, i.e. ball milled in air for 60 min, 80 min, 100 min, 120 min and 150 min. During mechanochemical activation it was observed the iron powder transitsion to iron oxides. Depending on the activation time the content of iron oxides FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 varies. Simultaneously, with the content change of the activated system, magnetic properties change as well. The XRD analysis of milled samples shown that as the activation time increase, the iron oxide percentage increases to, whereby the percentage of BaTiO3 in a total sample mass decreases. The percentage of iron oxides and BaTiO3 in annealed samples changes depending on annealing temperature. The thermomagnetic measurements performed by Faraday method shown that the powder mixture milled for 100 minutes exhibit maximum magnetization prior to annealing. The increase of magnetization maximum was observed after annealing at 540?C with all milled samples, and at room temperature it has enhancement from 10 % to 22 % depending on the activation time. The samples milled for 100 min and 150 min and then sintered at 1200w?C exhibit magnetoelectric properties.
Highlights
Correlation of magnetic and electric phenomena brings together few effects that attracted considerably research attention in last decade
Lin et al were reported the highest room temperature saturation magnetization for Ba(Ti0.93Fe0.07)O3 (BTFO) ceramics prepared by solid-state reaction [15]
The content of obtained BTFO powder mixture depends on the activation time
Summary
Correlation of magnetic and electric phenomena brings together few effects that attracted considerably research attention in last decade (magnetoresistance MR [1,2,3], magnetoimpedance MI [4,5,6] and dc Joule heating [7,8,9]). Denoted effects were investigated with the aim to evaluate potential of amorphous or nanocrystalline ferromagnetic alloys as materials for different applications [10,11,12]. Magnetoelectric coupling effect (usually recognized as a combination of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity) make multiferroic Fe doped BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramics as a promising material for sensor application (for instance magnetic field sensor). Lin et al were reported the highest room temperature saturation magnetization for Ba(Ti0.93Fe0.07)O3 (BTFO) ceramics prepared by solid-state reaction [15]. The transition metal (M) codoped BTO ceramics (Fe/M, M=Cr, Mn, Ni) prepared by grinding of powder mixture exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature [16]. In this study mechanical activation of BTFO powder mixture (with the same starting mass quantity of Fe and BTO) was followed with investigation of magnetic properties dependence vs milling time interval and annealing temperature
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