Abstract
Relevance and methods . The article deals with the impact of resource-saving systems for processing light-gray forest soil, the use of fertilizers and the biological product Stimix ® Niva on the value of root availability and yield of grain crops in the link of the spring wheat — pea — oats rotation in the Volga-Vyatka region. Results. The use of minimal tillage and No-till technology increases the average value of the root availability index of spring wheat plants of the ester variety to 59.2–59.6%. The use of straw destructors (ammonium nitrate and Stimix ® Niva) on the background of N 60 P 60 K 60 when growing peas of the Krasiviy variety using No-till technology reduces the rate of root availability (17.4 and 16.6%) compared to their separate use (27.6 and 29.7%) and the use of the background N 60 P 60 K 60 (25.2%). The lowest root security of Yakov variety of oat plants when using zero technology for its production is 30.8%. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the variant with non-soil shallow tillage with the joint use of N 60 P 60 K 60 and ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor — 3.99 t/ha. The highest yield of peas of the variety Krasiviy was obtained where the main tillage was used by plowing with a plow with dumps with the use of ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor, both on the fertilized background N 60 P 60 K 60 (2.76 t/ha), and on not fertilized (2.70 t/ha). The highest average yield of Yakov variety of oats was obtained with the traditional system of soil treatment for it — 4.12 t/ha. The use of direct sowing technology provides the lowest yield of grain crops in the link of the crop rotation spring wheat – peas – oats: spring wheat 1.17–3.28 t/ha, peas 0.74–2.24 t/ha, oats 1.15–3.78 t/ha.
Highlights
The article deals with the impact of resource-saving systems
No-till technology increases the average value of the root availability index of spring wheat plants
on the background of N60P60K60 when growing peas of the Krasiviy variety using No-till technology reduces the rate of root availability
Summary
Применение минимальной обработки почвы и технология No-till увеличивают среднее значение показателя корнеобеспеченности растений яровой пшеницы сорта Эстер до 59,2–59,6%. Применение деструкторов соломы (аммиачной селитры и Стимикс®Нива) по фону N60P60K60 при выращивании гороха сорта Красивый по технологии No-till снижает показатель корнеобеспеченности (17,4 и 16,6%) по сравнению с отдельным их применением (27,6 и 29,7%) и использованием фона N60P60K60 (25,2%). Самая высокая урожайность яровой пшеницы получена в варианте с безотвальной «мелкой» обработкой почвы с совместным применением N60P60K60 и аммиачной селитры в качестве деструктора соломы — 3,99 т/га. Самая высокая урожайность гороха сорта Красивый получена в варианте, где в качестве основной обработки почвы применяли зяблевую вспашку плугом с отвалами с использованием в качестве деструктора соломы аммиачной селитры, как по удобренному фону N60P60K60 (2,76 т/га), так и по неудобренному (2,70 т/га). Применение технологии прямого посева обеспечивает самую низкую урожайность зерновых культур в звене севооборота яровая пшеница — горох — овес: яровая пшеница — 1,17– 3,28 т/га, горох — 0,74–2,24 т/га, овес — 1,15–3,78 т/га
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