The influence of light gray forest soil cultivation systems and the use of fertilizers and biological product on the root supply and crop yields in the crop rotation link in the Volga-Vyatka region

Abstract

Relevance and methods . The article deals with the impact of resource-saving systems for processing light-gray forest soil, the use of fertilizers and the biological product Stimix ® Niva on the value of root availability and yield of grain crops in the link of the spring wheat — pea — oats rotation in the Volga-Vyatka region. Results. The use of minimal tillage and No-till technology increases the average value of the root availability index of spring wheat plants of the ester variety to 59.2–59.6%. The use of straw destructors (ammonium nitrate and Stimix ® Niva) on the background of N 60 P 60 K 60 when growing peas of the Krasiviy variety using No-till technology reduces the rate of root availability (17.4 and 16.6%) compared to their separate use (27.6 and 29.7%) and the use of the background N 60 P 60 K 60 (25.2%). The lowest root security of Yakov variety of oat plants when using zero technology for its production is 30.8%. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the variant with non-soil shallow tillage with the joint use of N 60 P 60 K 60 and ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor — 3.99 t/ha. The highest yield of peas of the variety Krasiviy was obtained where the main tillage was used by plowing with a plow with dumps with the use of ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor, both on the fertilized background N 60 P 60 K 60 (2.76 t/ha), and on not fertilized (2.70 t/ha). The highest average yield of Yakov variety of oats was obtained with the traditional system of soil treatment for it — 4.12 t/ha. The use of direct sowing technology provides the lowest yield of grain crops in the link of the crop rotation spring wheat – peas – oats: spring wheat 1.17–3.28 t/ha, peas 0.74–2.24 t/ha, oats 1.15–3.78 t/ha.