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Abstract
This study examines whether language background, short-term exposure to monolingual and bilingual speech, and long-term exposure to monolingual and bilingual speech influences speech accommodation. To address this question, I examine whether English monolinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals, either from a predominately monolingual community or a predominately bilingual community, vary their speech when interacting with a monolingual English speaker versus a Spanish-English bilingual speaker. Additionally, I examine whether speakers are more likely to converge after being primed with monolingual English or Spanish-English bilingual speech. To test this, participants complete an interactive communication task, where they are presented with a 6x6 board on a computer screen and asked questions about the words on the board, which contain variables that differ in English and Spanish. Results show that both language background and long-term exposure to monolingual or bilingual speech in a speaker’s speech community influence accommodation.
Highlights
The demographics of the United States are quickly changing
Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that bilinguals from Ithaca (B-Ith) (M = 0.079, SD = 0.027) had significantly higher Voice Onset Time (VOT) than all other groups, and monolinguals from Ithaca (M-Ith) (M = 0.073, SD = 0.021) had higher VOTs than Monolinguals from Miami (M-Mia) (M = 0.067, SD = 0.021) and Bilinguals from Miami (B-Mia) (M = 0.065, SD = 0.021)
VOT change did not differ by participant group or voiceless stop when speaking with the Monolingual Speaker. These results indicate that the direction of VOT change was different for the two bilingual participant groups when they were speaking with the Bilingual Speaker; the bilinguals from the monolingual community (B-Ith) increased their VOTs, diverging from the Bilingual Speaker, while the bilinguals from the bilingual community (B-Mia) decreased their VOTs, converging with the Bilingual Speaker
Summary
The demographics of the United States are quickly changing. According to a study by the U.S Census, “By 2044, more than half of all Americans are projected to belong to a minority group (any group other than non-Hispanic White alone); and by 2060, nearly one in five of the nation's total population is projected to be foreign born” (Colby & Ortman 2015:1). In this study, I investigate whether language background, short-term exposure to monolingual/bilingual speech, and long-term exposure to monolingual/bilingual speech influences speech accommodation To address this question, I examine whether English monolinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals, either from a predominately monolingual community (Ithaca, NY, which was 6.85% Hispanic in 2010) or a predominately bilingual community (Miami, FL, which was 67.7% Hispanic in 2016) vary their speech when interacting with a. I examine the influence of short-term exposure to English monolingual and Spanish-English bilingual speech by examining whether speakers adjust their VOT more when primed with a voiceless stop with either a short-lag or long-lag VOT. Speakers will accommodate more when they are primed, compared to when they are not primed, with a voiceless stop with either short-lag or long-lag VOT
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