THE INFLUENCE OF INSECT POLLINATION ON THE YIELD AND OILINESS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. HYBRID SEEDS

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of the insect pollination influence on the qualitative and qualitative indica-tors of the 14 high-productive autofertile Helianthus annuus L. hybrids by five producers, grown under conditions of the Prut-Dniester interfluve. The following components of the oilseed sunflower crop structure were analyzed: dry weight of 1000 seeds, dry weight of the kernel from the basket, dry weight of the husk from the basket, moisture and oil content of the kernel. A two-factor analysis of variance of the sunflower hybrid and the pollination method effects on the kernel oiliness was carried out. It was proved that depending on the characteristics of the hybrid and additional pollination, the oil content in the studied samples varied widely: from 43 to 71%. Hybrids P62LE122 and P64LE25 (Pioneer) are characterized by the lowest oil content. Hybrids SY Neoma, SY Sumatra, SY Experto (Syngenta) and hybrid ES Bella (Euralis) are characterized by the highest oil content., A large variability of the oil content in the seeds extracted from different plant specimens was established for the LG5665M (Limagrain) hybrid. The results of the correlation analysis show a statistically significant relationship between the capitulum diameter and the dry weight of 1000 seeds and the husk from entire capitulum weight. A highly positive statistically significant relationship was established between the diameter of the capitulum and the kernel from entire capitulum dry weight. Under conditions of free insect pollination, it increases from 0.721 to 0.773, which confirms the increase in overall yield. Statistically significant data obtained by means of two-factor variance analysis show an average increase in the oiliness of sun-flower seeds by an average of 5%. On the basis of the obtained results for hybrids SY Experto, ES Bella and MAS87A use of a mobile apiary is recommended to obtain more productive raw materials.