Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of soda ash manufacturing on the magnetic properties of soils located in the agricultural landscape in north-central Poland. Two study sites were chosen: Mątwy (SM) and Janikowo (SJ). Highly saline soils with halophyte communities were selected in order to develop an understanding of the relationship between salinization of water–soil interface and the potential contamination risk of the environment. Basic chemical and physicochemical properties of topsoil (0–25 cm) and water (surface and groundwater) samples from five locations were characterized. The characteristics of soil contamination were based on the content of selected metals, magnetic properties and salinity indices. Potential routes of contaminant migration (air and water fluxes) were analyzed. High magnetic anomalies of technogenic origin were revealed in the studied soils. A statistically confirmed relationship between high magnetic susceptibility and the content of selected metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb and Mn) showed the high utility of magnetometric techniques in soil research (diagnosis of soil transformation and contamination during technogenic impact). Three potential factors influencing contaminant migration were revealed: highly saline ground and surface water, eolian transport of fine-grained mineral fractions from waste ponds and atmospheric deposition of coal combustion products.
Highlights
Based on the results of our field works, the soils from the Inowrocław (SM) site were characterized as Mollic Gleysols and Murshic Histosols, while Albic Luvisols dominated in the Janikowo (SJ) site [36]
A strong relationship between metals and magnetic susceptibility was observed in the second group
The high magnetic enhancement of technogenic origin linked to metals such as Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb and Mn was observed
Summary
A statistically confirmed relationship between high magnetic susceptibility and the content of selected metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb and Mn) showed the high utility of magnetometric techniques in soil research (diagnosis of soil transformation and contamination during technogenic impact). Measurements of magnetic susceptibility (MS) have been commonly used in the assessment of soil pollution level [1,2,3] They have been used in the diagnosis of geogenic, pedogenic and technogenic sources of magnetic signal in soils [1,4,5]. The presence of heavy metals in transformed horizons can be confirmed relatively quickly using this technique It helps to understand the soil genesis as well as the rates and directions of pedogenic processes [1,6,7].
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