The influence of hybrid alumina/titania materials as electron transmission layer in planar high-performance perovskite solar cells

Abstract

As one of main layers in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), electron transport materials (ETM) play an important role in getting high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we investigate Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid materials as electron transmission layer in planar perovskite solar cells. The hybrid Al2O3/TiO2 material is proved to induce a better crystal quality of CH3NH3PbCl3−x I x perovskite layer as confirmed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The new-formed compact rough surface of ETM is responsible for the better excited electron transmission and light absorption, thus resulting in the improvement of short-circuit current (J sc). Meanwhile, the embedded Al2O3 plays a key role in shifting the conduction band edge of ETM, thereby leading to the improvement of photo-voltage. The optimal value is obtained with the test of sequential changing Al2O3/TiO2 concentration ratio. Compared to the device with pure TiO2 as ETM, the devices assembled with Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid ETM showed improvement in J sc (from 13.65 to 18.71 mA/cm2) as well as in V oc (from 0.95 to 1.00 V), which brings about 27.6% enhancement in PCE based on the multifunctional hybrid TiO2/ Al2O3 ETM.