The Influence of Haemostatic Dressing Prototypes for the Emergency Services on the Histopathological Parameters of Porcine Muscle.

Abstract

Haemostatic dressings for the uniformed and rescue services are an integral part of life-saving equipment for controlling post-traumatic haemorrhage. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of active constituent substances and materials of haemostatic dressings on muscle tissue and muscle regeneration after traumatic injury. Three hemostatic dressing prototypes were analysed: OBR/G/S sponge: dressing material sponge made of Na-Ca chitosan/algal composite microfibers and nanofibers; OBR/MBT/S: tactic gauze modified with a polymer mixture of Na-Ca chitosan/algal composite microfibers and nanofibers, impregnated with a moderate amount of procoagulants (22.9 g/m2); and OBR/MS/S: seton gauze modified with a polymer mixture of Na-Ca chitosan/algal composite microfibers and nanofibers, impregnated with a moderate amount of procoagulants (18.0 g/m2), with chitosan (ChitoClearhqg 95) and sodium alginate (Protanal LF10/60 FT) as the coagulants. The experiment was conducted on 20 pigs which were euthanised 24 h, 7 or 14 days after wound dressing. Samples of porcine muscle tissue were subjected to qualitative histopathological analysis. Histopathological analysis of muscle tissues from the experimental pigs revealed that the application of modified seton (OBR/MS/S) produced the most satisfactory results. The observed changes were similar on all dates that samples were collected and in all experimental groups, and minor differences in their extent were observed between groups. Regenerative processes were most advanced, and retrograde changes were least apparent in animals treated with OBR/MS/S. Modified seton (OBR/MS/S) induced the least tissue reaction and was most effective in promoting tissue regeneration after injury.