The influence of food on in vivo Cd and Pb relative bioavailability in rice

Abstract

Related information on the influence of synchronously digested food components on Cd and Pb bioavailability in rice has been limited. Here, the relative bioavailabilities of Cd and Pb from two rices were determined under fed states in conjunction with 5 foods (namely, pork, egg, milk, apple, and cabbage) using an in vivo mouse model. The Cd and Pb relative bioavailabilities were 54.9 to 92.1% and 21.4 to 75.4%, respectively. The addition of pork and egg increased Cd concentrations and relative bioavailability due to the high content of fats and proteins. Adding milk powder and cabbage significantly decreased Pb concentration in the mouse kidney and liver. In vivo Pb relative bioavailability was negatively correlated with Ca and fiber content in food matrices and Ca or Fe content in the mouse kidney or liver. Moreover, oral bioavailability-corrected risk assessment was used to evaluate the realistic risk from rice consumption with other food matrices. The present work highlights the importance of finding valid dietary strategies to reduce the risk of heavy-metal exposure caused by rice consumption.