Abstract
To evaluate the interaction of year x variety, year x tillage method and year x fertilization on the grain yield and root system capacity (RSC) of spring barley, we ran polyfactorial field trials in agroecological conditions of a warm corn production area in Slovakia, at Malanta, in 2009 and 2010. The RSC measurements were done using LCR - meter at a frequency of 1 kHz and they took place in four growth stages: at leaf development in the stage of four leaves (RSC1), in full tillering (RSC2), in the stage heading (RSC 3) and at the stage of ripening (RSC4). The values of grain yield, RSC1, RSC2, RSC3, RSC4 reached in 2009 comparison to 2010 were significantly lower. The highest yield in 2009 was reached by variety Marthe (4.49 t.ha-1) and by variety Bojos (7.19 t ha-1) in 2010. The highest values of RSC in observed growth stages were achieved by variety Bojos in 2009, and in 2010 also besides RSC1. Within both years, difference in yields between tillage methods was not observed. The values of RSC in growth stage of 4 leaves and tillering was higher at conventional tillage, butthe values of RSC3 and RSC4 were higher with minimized tillage. The highest grain yield and values of RSC in every growth stage were achieved on the fertilization variant “c“ in 2009 and on the fertilization variant “b“ in 2010. The correlation relationships between grain yield and RSC were significant and positive in every growth stage. The strongest relationship was found among grain yield and RSC (r=0.6047).
Highlights
Time and expanse are major constraints limiting the detection of genotypic differences in the length, structure and growth rate of a root system
The values of grain yield, RSC1, RSC2, RSC3, RSC4 reached in 2009 comparison to 2010 were significantly lower
The values of RSC2 ranged from 0.867 nF (Kangoo) to 1.072 nF (Bojos) in 2009 and there was no significant difference found between the varieties for values of RSC2 in 2009
Summary
Time and expanse are major constraints limiting the detection of genotypic differences in the length, structure and growth rate of a root system. According to Chloupek et al (2010), a significant correlation between the electric capacity of the root system and its weight, volume and root surface can be found. Their results indicated that higher yields of barley were correlated with a greater root system size in dry environments. No-tillage is potentially better for semiarid regions because it maintains greater water content in the soil and promotes root growth in the surface soil. This is even the case deep in the soil profile, especially in years of low rainfall. Smaller root size in the upper soil layer did not affect soil water uptake, and might be more economical in terms of production efficiency
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