Abstract
The aim of this work was to find the correlation between the content of ergosterol in fungi membrane and the action of the hop essential oil, myrcene and humulene on its properties. To reach this goal, the monolayers and bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyethanol amine and ergosterol, differing in the concentration of sterol, were used as model membrane systems. The impact of the essential oil and its major terpenes on one component ergosterol film was also investigated.It was found that pure isolated terpenes, in contrast to the hop oil being the mixture of them, do not incorporate into pure ergosterol membrane, however, they cause the loss of monolayer material from the interface. These results are in contrast to the effect of these terpenes on phospholipid films reported previously and they may suggest a strong effect of ergosterol on the behavior of terpenes in the mixed systems. Surprisingly, for model membranes, the effect of myrcene was qualitatively similar to the effect of the hop oil and ergosterol was found to regulate the incorporation of both these substances into the film. In contrast, very strong correlation between ergosterol content and the action of humulene was found. Namely, the ability of humulene to change model membrane properties was found to increase with ergosterol concentration. Additionally, the differentiating effect of ergosterol on humulene action in membranes was much more pronounced than for myrcene or the hop oil. Interestingly, at the highest ergosterol level the influence of humulene was even stronger than the effect of the hop oil. This is very important finding suggesting that ergosterol may regulate the sensitivity of particular membrane to the impact of humulene. Summarizing, ergosterol substantially differentiates the effect of the hop oil, myrcene and humulene on the lipid systems and it can be the molecule important for antifungal effect of the essential oil and terpenes.
Highlights
It was found that a noticeable effect of humulene molecules on the characteristic of the isotherms appears at the concentration of this terpene not lower than 1.22 μg/mL
The application of model membranes is frequent in the studies of the effect of various biologically active compounds, including the essential oils, on membranes (Nunez Jaroque et al, 2020; Chen et al, 2019)
In monolayer and bilayer studies, it was evidenced that the hop essential oil, myrcene and humulene change the condensation, stability and fluidity of the systems differing in the content of ergosterol
Summary
The fungicide or fungistatic effects of the essential oils (EOs) or their components towards fungi causing serious human infections as well as towards various plant or food-borne pathogens or even fungal contam inations of indoor air are systematically reported (D’agostino et al, 2019; Zuzarte et al, 2011; Banihashemi and Abivardi, 2011; Schroder et al, 2017; Moghaddam and Mehdizadeh, 2016; Miastkowska et al, 2020). Due to a wide range of antimicrobial effects, EOs used separately or in the combination with other compounds, are considered as the active agents in the treatment of clinical fungal infections. They can be used as powerful preservatives for food or cosmetics safety or even as pesticides for the plant protection in agri culture (Zuzarte et al, 2011; Banihashemi and Abivardi, 2011; Schroder et al, 2017; Moghaddam and Mehdizadeh, 2016). Together with a strong need for the new, effective, natural and safe agents active
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