The influence of environmental factor on the coagulation enhanced ultrafiltration of algae-laden water: Role of two anionic surfactants to the separation performance

Abstract

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, more chemicals that humans rely on are entering the city and surrounding water bodies. Anionic surfactants are one of the essential products for human beings. It is also one of the inducements that cause the eutrophication. The algae-laden water caused by eutrophication is a headache in the traditional water treatment process. To solve the problem, ultrafitration combined process was widely investigated to treat the algae-laden water. The presence of stimuli, low concentration anionic surfactant, probably interfere the performance of ultrafiltration process during algae-laden water treatment. In this study, the influence of two typical anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), on the performance of coagulation-enhanced ultrafiltration was investigated. The aluminum sulfate hydrate and iron sulfate hydrate were respectively employed as coagulant. Based on the residual turbidity and zeta potential, 4 mg/L Al and 8 mg/L Fe were determined as the optimal coagulant dosage. The floc morphology confirmed that Al-algae flocs with lower fractal dimension (Df) were looser and more porous compared to Fe-algae flocs. More coagulant was depleted by LAS due to the better hydrophobicity of LAS. During the filtration process, LAS caused a larger flux reduction compared with SDS regardless of the coagulant that was used. More organic compounds penetrate into membrane pores and block the pores with the presence of LAS since algal cell aggregation was weakened. Finally, the rejection of organic compounds by the coagulation-enhanced ultrafiltration process was studied, and the co-existing surfactants can cause effluent deterioration. Therefore, the presence of surfactants has a negative effect to the ultrafiltration treatment of algae-laden water.