Abstract
Fluorinated carbons (CFx) have the highest energy density as the cathode of lithium primary battery. They demonstrate distinct behaviors in different electrolytes. While, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. In this work, the influences of electrolyte in aspects of Li-ion concentration, anion species, and solvent species on the performances of Li/CFx batteries are explored. Contrary to conventional wisdoms that electrolytes play a role as a Li-ion conductor and only limit the kinetics, we found that the electrolyte can determine its thermodynamic behavior. In detail, a lower Li-salt concentration and a solvent solvating Li+ with more molecular numbers provide higher operational voltages in Li/CFx battery. This can be well elucidated by Nernst Equation. Interesting, in Li-free electrolyte (0 M DMSO), fluorinated graphene cathode can still work, offering an impeccable specific discharge capacity of 738 mAh g−1 with a specific energy of 1968 Wh kg−1 at 0.1C.
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