Abstract
Modern agriculture faces the challenge of soil degradation due to improper land use and the development of erosion processes. Plowing technology profoundly transforms the surface soil horizon and makes it vulnerable to such negative processes. One of the technologies that reduce agricultural practices’ negative impact on the soil is direct sowing, which is much more environmentally friendly than disking and plowing. In this work, the influence of different tillage technologies on the soil microbial community structure was studied. It was found that the number of cellulolytic, ammonifying bacteria, actinomycetes, and soil fungi was significantly higher when using direct sowing technology compared to plowing. The intensity of mineralization processes was lower than during plowing, which indicates a shift in the balance towards the accumulation of soil organic matter. Thus, the technology of direct sowing contributes to an increase in the soil biological activity and can be an effective method for restoring soil fertility.
Highlights
In the modern world, mankind is constantly faced with soil depletion due to its irrational use, water, and air erosion
To determine the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, soil dilutions were inoculated on agar with carboxymethylcellulose as the only carbon source; after 4 days, agar plates were poured with iodine solution, and cellulolytic bacteria were counted according to the zones of carboxymethylcellulose hydrolysis
The results have shown that direct sowing technology leads to a significantly higher content of cellulolytic bacteria in the soil compared to disking and plowing
Summary
Mankind is constantly faced with soil depletion due to its irrational use, water, and air erosion This problem is relevant for the Rostov region, whose residents frequently suffer from dust storms due to strong winds. The influence of this soil cultivation technology on the soil's biological activity, on the microbial community's composition, is still not well understood
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