The influence of different acids etch on dental implants titanium surface

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the present work was to explore the effect of etching with different acids types, concentration, duration and temperature on titanium dental implant topography. Materials and Methods: Pure polished titanium discs were subjected to various acids etch. Disc samples were etched using hydrochloric acid (HCl) sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) solutions separately for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min. Polished titanium surfaces were used as a control. Surface roughness was measured using profilometry. Topography was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The morphology and the surface roughness of titanium discs found to be different after various acids concentration and etching time. The mean surface roughness values (mean Ra value) of the three acids differ for different acid exposure times. Surface etched with HNO3 had the lowest Ra value for all time intervals. Surfaces etched with H2SO4 acid had the highest Ra value in the first 5 min. Surface etched with HCl showed the highest surface roughness following surface exposure for 30, 45 and 60 min. Conclusions: Roughness resulting from acid etching varied according to acid concentration, type of acid, duration of acid etching procedure, original surface roughness of the substrate and temperature. There are critical time for roughening with acid etching, that after it the acid effect start to smooth titanium surface instead of roughening it.