The influence of dietary composition and sugar intakes on weight status among adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Abstract

Introduction: Changes of food intake and physical activity during Ramadan fasting and on post Idul Fitri celebration day may affect body composition and fitness. This research was conducted on Yonkav 4 Tank company members, part of a combat unit, expected to be consistently ready for combat and physically fit. Method: This descriptive, longitudinal research was carried out involving companymembers, 20—29 years of age. Measurement and interviews were conducted at the end of Ramadan fasting, on the Idul Fitri day, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after Idul Fitri. Data collected were then analysed to assess the differences between the end of Ramadan fasting and after Idul Fitri. Result: Based on data analysis, it was found that there was an increase on: total energy intake (p = 0.004) but the biggest increase was in 1 week after Idul Fitri (p = 0.007), physical activity (p < 0.01) and body mass index (p < 0.01). But there was a decrease in percentage energy intake of carbohydrate and the biggest was found in 1 week after Idul Fitri in contrast to percentage energy intake of fat, which was found to have increased (p = 0.000). Besides, there was also a decrease in body fat mass between the end of Ramadan fasting and 3 weeks after Idul Fitri. Whereas regarding fitness, there was no significant difference between the end of Ramadan fasting and after Idul Fitri (p = 0.167). Conclusion: On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that Yonkav 4 Tank company members fast during the first week of Shawwal.