The influence of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films with characteristics of treatment conditions on spray pyrolysis technique for solar cells applications

Abstract

Generally, thin-film solar cells are used in CdTe or CIGS based on light-absorbing materials that it is non-toxic and cost. It is best on the materials for CZTS cost-effective, the high absorption coefficient of over 104 cm−1. CZTS based on electrical (light) conversion efficiency of 0.6% of the solar cell is an important growth in this research area was reached in the last five years. Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique for different substrate temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, 375 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C with varying precursor concentrations. The prepared Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for various temperatures were characterized for various parameters like its structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD), phase constituents with energy dispersive analysis (EDS), morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical properties UV–vis spectrophotometry technique. The XRD and EDS results are embarked as a peak at a 2θ position of 28.5° corresponding to (112) planes. The excellent polycrystalline kieserite structure is obtained from XRD for the Cu2ZnSnS4 films. The organized harvests also exposed the morphology with size ranging from the formation of smooth, compact, and even surface of CZTS. The composition of the Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film fundamentally agrees with the theoretical value. The absorption coefficient in the order of 104 cm−1 is obtained. The experimental bandgap of 1.5 eV corresponds well with the substance Cu2ZnSnS4 materials analysis of SEM, and EDAX is making them excellent aspirants as absorbent materials for the thermal solar cell process.