The influence of computer-assisted surgery on rotational, coronal and sagittal alignment in revision total knee arthroplasty

Marrigje F Meijer,Alexander L Boerboom,Inge Hf Reininga,Martin Stevens,Sjoerd K Bulstra

doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-94

Marrigje F Meijer, Alexander L Boerboom + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-94

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Abstract

BackgroundDespite good results of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the number of revision total knee arthroplasties (rTKAs) is rising. Proper implant position is essential, since malposition leads to worse clinical outcome. In rTKA most anatomical landmarks have disappeared because of extensive bone loss, making it more difficult to adequately implant the knee prosthesis. In primary TKA, computer-assisted surgery (CAS) leads to better prosthetic alignment than mechanical navigation guides. Literature about the use of CAS in rTKA is scarce though, and the effect on rotational prosthetic alignment has not been investigated yet. Hence the primary objective of this study is to compare rotational prosthetic alignment when using CAS in rTKA compared to a mechanical navigation guide. Secondary objectives are to compare prosthetic alignment in the coronal and sagittal planes. It is hypothesized that CAS leads to better rotational, coronal and sagittal prosthetic alignment when used during rTKA.Methods/DesignA prospective clinical intervention study with use of a historical control group will be conducted. Forty-four patients with a minimum age of 18 to be admitted for CAS-rTKA between September 2012 and September 2015 will be included in the intervention group. Forty-four patients with a minimum age of 18 who underwent rTKA with the use of a mechanical navigation guide between January 2002 and April 2012 will form the historical control group. Both groups will be matched according to gender and type of revision prosthesis. Rotational prosthesis alignment will be evaluated using a CT-scan of the knee joint.DiscussionProper implant position is essential, since malposition leads to worse clinical outcome. Several studies show a significantly positive influence of CAS on prosthetic alignment in primary TKA, but literature about the use of CAS in rTKA is limited. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate the influence of CAS during rTKA on postoperative prosthetic alignment, compared to mechanical navigation guides.Trial registrationNetherlands National Trial Register NTR3512

Highlights

Despite good results of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the number of revision total knee arthroplasties is rising
Proper implant position is essential, since malposition leads to worse clinical outcome
Perlick et al [25] revealed a significantly better mechanical limb axis and coronal alignment of the femoral component when computer-assisted surgery (CAS) was used during revision total knee arthroplasties (rTKAs)

Summary

Introduction

Despite good results of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the number of revision total knee arthroplasties (rTKAs) is rising. In primary TKA, computer-assisted surgery (CAS) leads to better prosthetic alignment than mechanical navigation guides. The primary objective of this study is to compare rotational prosthetic alignment when using CAS in rTKA compared to a mechanical navigation guide. It is hypothesized that CAS leads to better rotational, coronal and sagittal prosthetic alignment when used during rTKA. OA of the knee leads to a significant impairment in patients’ ability to perform activities of daily living and has a large impact on health-related quality of life [2,3]. Main reason for rTKA is aseptic loosening, which accounts for 30-42% of all rTKAs. Infection is the second most common indication and is responsible for about 20% of all revisions. Other reasons for rerevision are wear/osteolysis, instability, stiffness and periprosthetic fractures [10,11]

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