Abstract
Purpose: While aiming at the use of Cold Atmospheric Plasmas (CAPs) in restorative dentistry, the present study intended to assess if plasma irradiation increases the Tensile Bond Strength (TBS) in non-demineralized and demineralized dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight human dentin samples were assigned to three different treatment modalities: I: Plasma jet irradiation (CAP I); II: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment (CAP II); and III: No plasma (control). In each group, half of the specimens had previously been demineralized. A fourth generation of adhesive and dental composite was applied to all of the samples. The testing of the TBS was performed after artificial aging. Results: In the non-demineralized dentin, the mean TBS values were significantly higher after using CAP II (16.95 MPa) than in the control samples (4.2 MPa; p = 0.001). Significantly higher TBS values were also obtained after irradiating the demineralized dentin with CAP I and CAP II (11.68 and 4.6 MPa) when compared to the control samples (0 MPa; p = 0.003 and 0.038). The differences between both of the plasma sources were only slightly significant (p = 0.05). Conclusion: CAPs can potentially enhance the adhesive/dentin interfacial bonding strength, whereby the underlying effects seem to depend on the type of plasma source and the degree of dentinal (de-) mineralization. In the non-demineralized dentin, after a complete caries excavation, dielectric barrier discharge devices might be favorable over the plasma jets, in order to improve the adhesive/dentin interfacial bonding. In contrast, the plasma jets could be more effective in the demineralized dentin after an incomplete caries excavation.
Highlights
The past several decades have revealed vast technological advances in adhesive dentistry
Cold Atmospheric Plasmas (CAPs) can potentially enhance the adhesive/dentin interfacial bonding strength, whereby the underlying effects seem to depend on the type of plasma source and the degree of dentinal mineralization
In the non-demineralized dentin, after a complete caries excavation, dielectric barrier discharge devices might be favorable over the plasma jets, in order to improve the adhesive/dentin interfacial bonding
Summary
The past several decades have revealed vast technological advances in adhesive dentistry. At the resin-enamel interface, microleakage and a loss of retention no longer occur because of acid etching. There are some problems at the resin-dentin interface in dental adhesion that still have to be solved. The bonding in dentin is sensitive to techniques and materials, because other than enamel, dentin is very heterogeneous in itself [1] and the high water content interferes with the bonding. A bonding agent has to perform hybridization, and it has to contain both the hydrophilic parts in order to bond with the enamel/dentin and the hydrophobic parts in order to bond with the resin [4]. The hydrophilic parts often times interfere with the hydrophobic photoinitiators resulting in lack of polymerization [5]
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