The Influence Of Climate And Weather On The Arabica And RobustaCoffee Development And Production In The Ermera District Of Timor-Leste

Abstract

Referring to the research entitled the effect of climate change and weather of the development and production of arabica and robusta coffee in Ermera district, Timor Leste. Arabica coffeeis one of the prima donna commodities that play an important and strategic role in securing the economy for nearly two and seventy thousand farmer houses in Timor-Leste. The potential for Arabica coffee exports in Timor Leste is ranked thirty-ninth with a fairly highexport quality because of the taste that is favored by coffee drinkers in the world around 157 million people, but the trend of increasing national coffee production is only 1-2% per year. On the other hand, the effects of climate change and weather also threaten the achievement of the target of increasing production. This research is a review of the effect of climate change and weather on coffee production and adaptation strategies in Timor Leste. The main coffee producing areas, such as the Regencies of Ainaro, Aileu, Bobonaro, Ermera, Liquisa and Manufahi, are vulnerable to the effects of climate change and weather. Increased extreme climateevents such as drought due to El Nio resulted in a 10-15% decline in coffee production. On the other hand, the long rainy season due to La Nia reduces coffee production by 80-90%. The indirect effect of climate and weather changes is the increase in attacks of fruit borer, coffee powder and leaf rust disease (Hemelia vastatrix) which causes a decrease in production of around 40-50%. As a result of rising temperatures, coffee production centers are projected to move to areas with higher elevations. Various adaptation technologies have been produced, but the level of adaptation of coffee farmers is generally still low. This condition is exacerbated by the limited access of most farmers to climate information, markets, technology, farm credit, and information on climate risk management. To overcome these problems, policy makers, stakeholders, and farmers must accelerate adaptation efforts because climate change has occurred and will continueto take place.