Abstract
Chronic ulcers represent a major health burden in our society. Despite many available therapies, a large number of ulcers do not heal. Protein based therapies fail in part due to proteolytic activity in the chronic wound bed. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether typical inflammatory cytokines and human salivary histatins remain stable when incubated with chronic wound extracts. Furthermore we determined whether a short exposure of histatins or cytokines was sufficient to exert long term effects on fibroblast migration. Stability of human recombinant cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8, and histatin variants (Hst1, Hst2, cyclic Hst1, minimal active domain of Hst1) in the presence of chronic wound extracts isolated from non-healing ulcers, was monitored by capillary zone electrophoresis. Migration-stimulating activity was assessed using a dermal fibroblast wound healing scratch assay. Histatins and cytokines stayed stable in saline for > 24h at 37°C, making them ideal as an off-the-shelf product. However, incubation with chronic wound extracts resulted in serious breakdown of Hst1 and Hst2 (~50% in 8h) and to lesser extent cyclic Hst1 and the minimal active domain of Hst1 (~20% in 8h). The cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8 were more stable in chronic wound extracts (~40% degradation in 96h). An initial 8-hour pulse of histatins or cytokines during a 96-hour study period was sufficient to stimulate fibroblast migration equally well as a continuous 96-hour exposure, indicating that they may possibly be used as novel bioactive therapeutics, exerting their activity for up to four days after a single exposure.
Highlights
Chronic ulcers represent a major health burden in our society and significantly impair the quality of life of millions of people [1]
Protein-based therapeutics for stimulation of wound healing are intrinsically sensitive to the multitude of proteases that are present in the chronic wound bed
Our results show that histatins and cytokines are stable in PBS for at least 24 h and 96 h respectively at 37°C
Summary
Chronic ulcers represent a major health burden in our society and significantly impair the quality of life of millions of people [1]. Chronic ulcers are wounds that have no tendency to heal within three months, despite optimal treatment [2;3]. Cytokine and Histatin Stability in Chronic Wound Extracts no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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