Abstract
Considering possible applications and scarceness of literature data, Ag-Bi-In system was investigated in terms of microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of ternary alloys from an isothermal section at 100oC. Based on the experimentally obtained results hardness and electrical conductivity of all ternary alloys from the ternary Ag-Bi-In system at 100oC were predicted. In addition, the selected isothermal section was further thermodynamically assessed and experimentally studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and light optical microscopy (LOM). Phase transition temperatures of alloys with overall compositions along vertical sections x(Ag)=0.5 as well as liquidus temperatures were experimentally determined by DTA. The experimentally obtained results were compared with literature data and with the results of thermodynamic calculation of phase equilibria based on CALPHAD method and corrected data for Ag-In binary system. Calculated liquidus projection, invariant equilibria and phase diagram of the Ag-Bi-In ternary system are presented as well.
Highlights
In the past decade, a lot of research work has been done to find promising freelead solder materials [1,2,3,4]
This will most probably lead to difference in phase diagrams presented in this study to that of Liu et al [14] and it is to this difference that investigation of ternary Ag-Bi-In system is necessary
Based on the experimentally obtained values of Brinell hardness listed in Table 6 and an appropriate mathematical model iso-lines of hardness were predicted for all ternary alloys of the Ag-Bi-In system at 100 °C
Summary
A lot of research work has been done to find promising freelead solder materials [1,2,3,4]. Vassiliev et al [7] investigated a part of the ternary system x(Ag)=0.5 using differential thermal analysis and potentiometric measurements in a temperature range 630 K to 850 K They have determined some points of the liquid surface and compared them with the results of potentiometric measurements. Isothermal sections at 200 °C and 300 °C were experimentally studied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) while the liquid lines and phase transition temperatures of the vertical section at 50 mass% Ag were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Besides investigation of mechanical and electrical properties in the current study are given experimental results of DTA analysis for vertical section x(Ag)=0.5, which were compared with the data reported by Liu et al [14]. Phase equilibria were predicted by thermodynamic calculations based on CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method using Pandat 8.1 software
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