Abstract
The dose uniformity and penumbra in the treatment field are important factors in radiotherapy, which affects the outcomes of radiotherapy. In this study, the integrated depth-dose-distributions (IDDDs) of 190 MeV/u and 260 MeV/u carbon beams in the active spot-scanning delivery system were measured and calculated by FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation based on the Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM). Considering the dose distributions caused by secondary particles and scattering, we also used different types of pencil beam (PB) models to fit and compare the spatial distributions of PB. We superposed a bunch of PB to form a 20×20 cm2 treatment field with the double Gaussian and double Gaussian logistic beam models and calculated the influence of beam delivery error on the field flatness and penumbra, respectively. The simulated IDDDs showed good agreement with the measured values. The triple Gaussian and double Gaussian logistic beam models have good fitness to the simulated dose distributions. There are different influences on dose uniformity and penumbra resulting from beam uncertainties. These results would be helpful for understanding carbon ion therapy, and physical therapists are more familiar with beam characteristics for active scanning therapy, which provides a reference for commissioning and optimization of treatment plans in radiotherapy.
Highlights
Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an attractive cancer treatment modality, especially for the treatment of hypoxic tumors
One is the passive beam delivery system represented by the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) treatment device from Japan [2], the other is the active beam delivery system represented by Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) from Germany [3]
We first measured the relative dose distribution, and we used Monte Carlo (MC) to simulate the depth-dose distribution of 190 MeV/u and 260 MeV/u carbon-ion beams on the Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) treatment nozzle
Summary
Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an attractive cancer treatment modality, especially for the treatment of hypoxic tumors. The treatment of tumors with CIRT has garnered tremendous attention because of their high dose localization in the Bragg-peak region [1]. There are two main types of carbon ion beam delivery systems, both of which have been applied in clinical trials. One is the passive beam delivery system represented by the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) treatment device from Japan [2], the other is the active beam delivery system represented by Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) from Germany [3]. The passive delivery system uses additional hardware to configure.
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