Abstract
Zinc and cadmium accumulation of in plant tissues of barley of the line 999-93 and of its regenerant forms resulting from cell selection was assessed. The scheme of the experiment: 1) control; 2) acidic; 3) cadmium. We used the method of inversion voltammetry to assess the share of zinc and cadmium in plant samples. To assess the share of active and total forms of zinc and cadmium in soil samples collected from root rhizosphere we used the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Barley plants accumulated zinc from 0.2 to 79.7 mg∙kg-1 of dry phytomass. The genotype of plants has little influence on zinc accumulation, and plant organs participate in equal measure in zinc accumulation. As for the soil background with cadmium excess, there is a tendency to lessening zinc absorption in all the plant organs, and it is not connected with the plant’s genotype. Unlike zinc, cadmium gets accumulated mostly in the root system. In the control background the share of cadmium in roots was 0.2–0.4 mg∙kg-1; in the acidic one – 0.2–3.6 mg∙kg-1; in the cadmium one – 5.5–9.5 mg∙kg-1. In barley grain grown on soil with excess of cadmium we did not find any IPC excess of cadmium. On backgrounds of the same acidity, the more cadmium concentration grew, the less zinc concentration in grain was, mostly it concerns the original genotype, to a smaller degree it concerns the regenerant line on the selective medium with cadmium and aluminum. Coupling accumulation of zinc and cadmium took place mostly on acidic background, it was characteristic of barley with the original genotype and the regenerant selected in vitro as cadmium-resistant; on control background coupling accumulation is characteristic of aluminum-resistant regenerant. These regenerant genotypes had a tendency to eliminating cadmium and absorbing zinc.
Highlights
Nowadays soil is mostly contaminated with heavy metals, so that screening and breeding of cereals, in particular, of barley with a low level of cadmium accumulation is quite topical [1, 2]
Still soil background with excess of cadmium contributed to decreasing the intensity of zinc absorption by plants, as compared with control and acidic backgrounds
The research of cadmium content in plant tissues showed that the root system has a barrier function
Summary
Nowadays soil is mostly contaminated with heavy metals, so that screening and breeding of cereals, in particular, of barley with a low level of cadmium accumulation is quite topical [1, 2]. The mechanisms of plants’ tolerance to cadmium accumulation still need to be researched [3]. Microbe inoculants play a great role; they stimulate plants’ growth in conditions of contamination with cadmium [6,7,8,9]. It is known that zinc in soil lessens cadmium phyto-toxicity. Still many factors restrict the effect of zinc, including concentration and long-term impact of cadmium in the environment, as well as the species and genotype of the plant, and its growth conditions [10]. Zinc and cadmium ion mobility depends on acidity of the soil solution, and it reaches its maximum within the interval of рН=4.5–5.5 [11,12,13]
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