Abstract
The sounds that result from our movement and that mark the outcome of our actions typically convey useful information concerning the state of our body and its movement, as well as providing pertinent information about the stimuli with which we are interacting. Here we review the rapidly growing literature investigating the influence of non-veridical auditory cues (i.e., inaccurate in terms of their context, timing, and/or spectral distribution) on multisensory body and action perception, and on motor behavior. Inaccurate auditory cues provide a unique opportunity to study cross-modal processes: the ability to detect the impact of each sense when they provide a slightly different message is greater. Additionally, given that similar cross-modal processes likely occur regardless of the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory input, studying incongruent interactions are likely to also help us predict interactions between congruent inputs. The available research convincingly demonstrates that perceptions of the body, of movement, and of surface contact features (e.g., roughness) are influenced by the addition of non-veridical auditory cues. Moreover, auditory cues impact both motor behavior and emotional valence, the latter showing that sounds that are highly incongruent with the performed movement induce feelings of unpleasantness (perhaps associated with lower processing fluency). Such findings are relevant to the design of auditory cues associated with product interaction, and the use of auditory cues in sport performance and therapeutic situations given the impact on motor behavior.
Highlights
Our perception of our own bodies and our experience of the world around us is fundamentally multisensory in nature (Stein and Meredith, 1993; Driver and Spence, 2000)
When the auditory feedback is veridical, there is no enhancement in the detection of tactile stimuli (Lederman, 1979) nor enhancement of the ability to discriminate between different abrasive surfaces (Heller, 1982) ( see Ro et al (2009), for the complexities of such interactions)
When naturalistic auditory feedback is non-veridical, i.e., altered so that the sound provided is not consistent with the sound that one would expect to hear on touching that surface, the evidence suggests that auditory cues do matter to tactile contact and the resultant perception of surface qualities
Summary
Our perception of our own bodies and our experience of the world around us is fundamentally multisensory in nature (Stein and Meredith, 1993; Driver and Spence, 2000). In contrast, we experience the jolting sensation of a braking car combined with the sickening sound of tires skidding across the road’s surface The richness of such multisensory experiences are often taken for granted due to the seamless integration of numerous different sensory inputs. As highlighted in the above examples, the integration of sensory inputs provides information concerning meaning, influenced by the valence of the stimuli, which guides appropriate action (primarily conceptualized in terms of approach vs avoidance). Together, these dynamic adaptations are critical to survival
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