Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to examine how the phonological loop influences reading ability and processing in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia (DD).Methods: This study included 30 children with DD and 37 children without DD. Two types of articles (i.e., scenery prose and narrative story) and two conditions (under the conditions of articulatory-suppression and silent reading) were applied. An eye-link II High-Speed Eye Tracker was used to track a series of eye-movement parameters. The data were analyzed by the linear Mixed-Effects model.Results: Compared with children without DD, Children with DD had lower reading achievement (RA), frequency of saccades (FS) and frequency of fixations (FF), longer reading time (RT) and average fixation duration (AFD), slower reading speed (RS), shorter average saccade amplitude (ASA) and fixation distance (FD), more number of fixations (NF), and number of saccades (NS). There were significant interactions between participant group and articulatory suppression on RT and FD. We also observed interaction effects between article types and articulatory suppression on RA, AFD, ASA, and FS.Conclusion: Children DD exhibit abnormal phonological loop and eye movements while reading. The role of articulatory suppression on reading varies with the presentation of DD and the article type.
Highlights
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in accurate or fluent word recognition and spelling despite preserved intelligence, intact sensory abilities, and adequate instruction [1]
The factors studied included group, articulatory suppression, and article type
Children with DD had lower scores of PRS and CRTB than children without DD (P < 0.001), while they were comparable in age, gender, and grade (P > 0.05)
Summary
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in accurate or fluent word recognition and spelling despite preserved intelligence, intact sensory abilities, and adequate instruction [1]. As a slave system of working memory, the phonological loop is important to maintain and manipulate speech-based information. Multiple Western studies have indicated that children with DD have been found to exhibit impairments in the phonological loop [6,7,8,9], which was even posited that as a core deficit in DD [6]. A few studies showed that orthography rather than the phonological loop plays a dominant role in reading Chinese [10]. A few research has indicated that Chinese children with DD exhibit abnormal phonological loop [9,10,11,12], suggesting that phonological loop impairment is universal across languages and orthographic systems
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