Abstract
As a group, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. It killed twice as many people as infectious and parasitic disease and three times as many people as all forms of cancer. There are other crucial risk factors next to the major risk factors identified by the Framingham Heart Study. In the last few years, detailed studies showed the correlation between environmental pollution and the development of CVD. The question, which environmental toxin is particularly harmful, is answered by CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances with the following toxins: arsenic, lead, and mercury. The effect of these potential toxic metals on the development of cardiovascular diseases includes pathomechanisms as the accumulation of free radicals, damage of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, lipid peroxidation, and endocrine influences. This leads to the damage of vascular endothelium, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and an increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The cardiovascular effects of arsenic, lead, and mercury exposure and its impact on cardiovascular mortality need to be included in the diagnosis and the treatment of CVD.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease is the genus for pathological change of heart, blood vessels, and blood ow. e brous change of arterial vascular walls is the mutual pathological correlate
In the last few years, detailed studies showed the correlation between environmental pollution and the development of CVD. e question, which environmental toxin is harmful, is answered by CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances with the following toxins: arsenic, lead, and mercury. e effect of these potential toxic metals on the development of cardiovascular diseases includes pathomechanisms as the accumulation of free radicals, damage of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, lipid peroxidation, and endocrine in uences. is leads to the damage of vascular endothelium, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and an increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. e cardiovascular effects of arsenic, lead, and mercury exposure and its impact on cardiovascular mortality need to be included in the diagnosis and the treatment of CVD
It is caused by the damage of endothelium, which is the boundary layer between blood stream and vascular wall and has important functions in vasodilatation, modulation of in ammatory processes, and haemostasis. e interaction of nitric oxide (NO) via oxygen radicals, the reduction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) cofactors as well as the inhibition of endothelial NOS itself through phosphorylation are regarded as central mechanisms of pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction [1]
Summary
Cardiovascular disease is the genus for pathological change of heart, blood vessels, and blood ow. e brous change of arterial vascular walls is the mutual pathological correlate. E brous change of arterial vascular walls is the mutual pathological correlate. It is caused by the damage of endothelium, which is the boundary layer between blood stream and vascular wall and has important functions in vasodilatation, modulation of in ammatory processes, and haemostasis. E endothelial dysfunction is considered as a great in uence on the development of atherosclerosis and correlates with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2, 3]. In the USA, heart disease is the leading cause of death among men and women [5]. According to the WHO in 2004, CVD accounted for nearly 30% of all deaths worldwide It killed twice as many people as infectious and parasitic and 3 times as many people as all forms of cancer [7]. It killed twice as many people as infectious and parasitic and 3 times as many people as all forms of cancer [7]. at clearly shows that the efforts of the national health care system in identifying the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and the development of new strategies for prevention and treatment must be lit up. e
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