The influence of anthropogenic heat fluxes on the temperature and wind regimes of the Moscow and St. Petersburg regions

Abstract

Anthropogenic heat fluxes (AHF) have a significant impact on the weather and climate characteristics of urbanized territories. AHF plays a crucial role in the formation of an urban heat island. The structure of the urban heat island is determined not only by the AHF distribution but also by the location of the city. Moscow and St. Petersburg are the two largest Russian cities located in significantly different climatic conditions with the highest value of the AHF. In this article we compare the influence of the AHF on the temperature and wind regimes in Moscow and St. Petersburg regions.