The Influence of an Acute Bout of Aerobic Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function in Moderate Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Jeffrey S Forsse,Burritt W Hess,James Kyle Taylor,Matthew N Peterson,Dale C Allison,Jackson O Griggs,Zacharias Papadakis,Nicholas Schwedock,Peter W Grandjean,Ronald L Wilson

doi:10.3390/life12010091

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is directly influenced by the deleterious effects of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The vascular endothelium may transiently respond to aerobic exercise and improve post-exercise vascular renal function in moderate stages of CKD. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a nitric-oxide-dependent measure of endothelial function that is transiently potentiated by exercise. The purpose of the study was to determine the acute influence of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or steady-state moderate-intensity exercise (SSE) on endothelial dysfunction in moderate stages of CKD. Twenty participants (n = 6 men; n = 14 women) completed 30 min of SSE (65%) and HIIE (90:20%) of VO2reserve in a randomized crossover design. FMD measurements and blood samples were obtained before, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. FMD responses were augmented 1 h post-exercise in both conditions (p < 0.005). Relative to pre-exercise measures, total antioxidant capacity increased by 4.3% 24 h post-exercise (p = 0.012), while paraoxonase-1 was maintained 1 h and elevated by 6.1% 24 h after SSE, but not HIIE (p = 0.035). In summary, FMD can be augmented by a single episode of either HIIE or SSE in moderate stages of CKD. Modest improvements were observed in antioxidant analytes, and markers of oxidative stress were blunted in response to either SSE or HIIE.

Highlights

Introduction iationsChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects an estimated 8 to 16% of the world’s population and 8% of the US population [1,2]
Our study is the first to quantify the transient improvements in vascular endothelial function in mid-spectrum CKD that occur to healthy individuals free of cardiometabolic diseases
The present study identifies that an acute bout of aerobic exercise varying in mode and intensity, with an equal amount of work, can provide significant transient improvements in vascular endothelial function in mid-spectrum CKD

Summary

Introduction

Introduction iationsChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects an estimated 8 to 16% of the world’s population and 8% of the US population [1,2]. Major risk factors for the premature development of CKD include hypertension (HTN), obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and family history [4,5,6]. Many of these CKD risk factors create a chronic state of oxidative and nitrative stress, which can have a deleterious effect on renal and vascular function [5,7,8]. Individuals with cardiometabolic disease have decreased vascular function when compared to healthy individuals [9,10,11]. The vascular endothelium secretes many different molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), endothelin, growth factors, Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

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