Abstract
BackgroundWe studied the influence of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms (single or combined) on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-nine healthy older Caucasian women participated in this study (age: 65.5 ± 8.2 years, body mass: 67.0 ± 10.0 kg and height: 1.57 ± 0.06 m). Walking speed (S10) performance and functional capacity assessed by the “get-up and go” (GUG) mobility test were measured at baseline (T1) and after a consecutive 12-week period of high-speed power training (40-75% of one repetition maximum in arm and leg extensor exercises; 3 sets 4–12 reps, and two power exercises for upper and lower extremity). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and genotyping analyses were performed by PCR methods. Genotype distributions between groups were compared by Chi-Square test and the gains in physical performance were analyzed by two-way, repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsThere were no significant differences between genotype groups in men or women for adjusted baseline phenotypes (P > 0.05). ACE I/D and ACTN3 polymorphisms showed a significant interaction genotype-training only in S10 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.044, respectively) and not in the GUG test (P = 0.311 and P = 0.477, respectively). Analyses of the combined effects between genotypes showed no other significant differences in all phenotypes (P < 0.05) at baseline. However, in response to high-speed power training, a significant interaction on walking speed (P = 0.048) was observed between the “power” (ACTN3 RR + RX & ACE DD) versus “non-power” muscularity-oriented genotypes (ACTN3 XX & ACE II + ID)].ConclusionsThus, ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms are likely candidates in the modulation of exercise-related gait speed phenotype in older women but not a significant influence in mobility traits.
Highlights
We studied the influence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and actinin 3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphisms on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the combination of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X genotypes with gait speed and mobility trait in older women and to determine if the association of these polymorphisms may partly explain the interindividual variability in muscle function adaptation to resistance training
At baseline (T1) and after the resistance training (T2), no significant differences (P > 0.05) in either ACE or ACTN3 genotypes were observed for anthropometric measures [21,24]
Summary
We studied the influence of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms (single or combined) on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training. Aging leads to a slowed capacity to develop high velocity movements and perform physical tasks to maintain independent functioning [2,3,4]. In the case of the lower limbs, previous studies have reported relevant increases in muscular power and functional capacity following resistance-training programs of variable durations in older women [8,11]. Improved knowledge of the specific mechanisms that mediate impairments in physical functioning, especially the relevance of functionality tests (gait speed versus mobility), based on demonstration of strength and muscle power, are crucial for developing effective interventions for preserving mobility and independence among older people [8,12]
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