Abstract
The term “identity” has many specific definitions in the philosophical, psychological, sociological and cultural sciences, but can be defined as a set of individual personal and behavioural characteristics, attributes, beliefs and desires that define an individual as a member of a certain group. After gaining independence in 1991, Kazakhstan, which has experienced at least seventy years of “colonial” policy with various linguistic political strategies aimed at managing and strengthening the position of the Russian language, found itself in an interesting sociolinguistic situation, with a large number of Russian-speaking population consisting of both ethnic Russians and other national minorities, as well as ethnic Kazakhs, representatives of the titular nation. This article analyses the sociolinguistic phenomena, such as “shala-Kazakh/urban Kazakh” in independent Kazakhstan, and the Hebrew language of the Palestinians, the indigenous population of the territory now called Israel, as well as the influence of these phenomena on the national identity.
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