Abstract
Identity measures are derived for the infinite island model with separate sexes and sex-differentiated contribution to gene flow. The concept of effective migration rate, me, is introduced, which describes the genetically effective flow when sexes migrate at different rates, when females migrate as mated or when sexes differ in ploidy, as in the case of X-linked genes or haplodiploidy. The notion of me allows the different cases to be described by the common equation F=1/(1+4Neme). When the reproductive sex ratio differs from unity, migration of the rarer sex entails more effective gene flow than migration of the common sex. With female dispersal after mating, as well as with ploidy differences, the effective migration rate departs from the census rate, and migration of diploids and/or mated females normally homogenizes the population more than the migration of haploids and unmated females, as expected. This difference between the effective gene flow and the number of migrants contributes to a possible discordance between direct and indirect estimates of dispersal. At the same time, the expected difference in genetic differentiation between autosomal and X-linked loci opens the possibility for revelation of sex-differentiated migration, which may help resolve such instances.
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