Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) of chickens is a highly contagious disease characterized by damage of the respiratory system and reproductive organs in young animals caused by a virus of the genus Gamma coronavirus. The condition of the respiratory system caused by the IB virus in chickens has many similarities with the pathology of the respiratory system caused by SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The effectiveness of virucidal drugs (Argovit, Triviron, Ecocid, and lauric acid monoglyceride) was tested on chickens inoculated with a tenfold dose of a vaccine strain based on the attenuated virus H120 against IB of chickens. On the 6th day after inoculation, inflammatory changes in the intestines, lungs, and thymus were observed in the control group. The experimental groups were characterized by less pronounced inflammatory reactions and a lower proportion of thymus and lung probes containing genomic IB virus RNA. Since the virucidal activity of four orally administrated formulations was possible only in the intestine, the experimental data indirectly confirmed the hypothesis of the possibility of the predominant accumulation of coronaviruses in the intestine and subsequent lung damage due to the hematogenous redistribution of viral particles and IBV antigens. It was suggested that other coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 can implement a similar mechanism.
Highlights
Infectious bronchitis (IB) of chickens is a highly contagious disease characterized by damage to chickens’ respiratory and reproductive organs [1,2,3,4,5]
The advantage of working experimentally with a φ6 bacteriophage and plant pathogenic bacteria is that neither the phage nor the bacteria are pathogenic to humans, which minimizes the requirements for the laboratory biosafety level
The results showed that treatment with all the fourvirus studied the concentration in the thymus was detectable only for the Argovit, C12, and control groups poultry percentage with virus detected in the intestine compared to the control group
Summary
Infectious bronchitis (IB) of chickens is a highly contagious disease characterized by damage to chickens’ respiratory and reproductive organs [1,2,3,4,5]. IB and SARS-CoV-2 viruses have many similarities: both are low copy coronavirus, both have a lipid envelope, and for both, the immune system reaction contributes significantly to the damage. These give the basis to believe that the mechanisms of action of these two viruses are similar. Lauric acid monoglyceride (Monolaurin) is known to inactivate lipid-coated viruses by binding to the lipid–protein envelope of the virus, thereby preventing it from attaching and entering host cells, making infection and replication impossible [25]. The present study aimed to screen the virucidal activity of the four formulations mentioned above on in vitro (bacteriophage φ6) and in vivo (IB of chickens) models for SARS-CoV-2 infection
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