Abstract
Background: DNA methylation in sputum has been an attractive candidate biomarker for the non-invasive screening and detection of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Databases including PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane library, Web of Science databases, Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Vip Databases and Google Scholar were searched to collect the diagnostic trials on aberrant DNA methylation in the screening and detection of lung cancer published until 1 December 2016. Indirect comparison meta-analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the included candidate genes. Results: The systematic literature search yielded a total of 33 studies including a total of 4801 subjects (2238 patients with lung cancer and 2563 controls) and covering 32 genes. We identified that methylated genes in sputum samples for the early screening and auxiliary detection of lung cancer yielded an overall sensitivity of 0.46 (0.41–0.50) and specificity of 0.83 (0.80–0.86). Combined indirect comparisons identified the superior gene of SOX17 (sensitivity: 0.84, specificity: 0.88), CDO1 (sensitivity: 0.78, specificity: 0.67), ZFP42 (sensitivity: 0.87, specificity: 0.63) and TAC1 (sensitivity: 0.86, specificity: 0.75). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis demonstrates that methylated SOX17, CDO1, ZFP42, TAC1, FAM19A4, FHIT, MGMT, p16, and RASSF1A are potential superior biomarkers for the screening and auxiliary detection of lung cancer.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignant tumor death, with the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer gradually increasing over the past decades [1]
The fact that silencing genes hypermethylation or activating genes genes through hypomethylation playplay an an important the through hypermethylation or activating through hypomethylation importantrole rolein in the initiation and progression of lung cancer has stimulated the development of screening approaches to initiation and progression of lung cancer has stimulated the development of screening approaches identify additional genes and pathways that are disrupted within the epigenome
DNA methylation in sputum samples has the potential to serve as a non-invasive screening method for the identification of specific biomarkers, enabling the early detection of lung cancer [31,39]
Summary
Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignant tumor death, with the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer gradually increasing over the past decades [1]. Early diagnosis, auxiliary detection, and treatment have become a major focus to reduce the mortality caused by lung cancer. DNA methylation in sputum has been an attractive candidate biomarker for the non-invasive screening and detection of lung cancer. Indirect comparison meta-analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the included candidate genes. We identified that methylated genes in sputum samples for the early screening and auxiliary detection of lung cancer yielded an overall sensitivity of 0.46 (0.41–0.50) and specificity of 0.83 (0.80–0.86). Combined indirect comparisons identified the superior gene of SOX17 (sensitivity: 0.84, specificity: 0.88), CDO1 (sensitivity: 0.78, specificity: 0.67), ZFP42 (sensitivity: 0.87, specificity: 0.63) and TAC1 (sensitivity: 0.86, specificity: 0.75). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis demonstrates that methylated SOX17, CDO1, ZFP42, TAC1, FAM19A4, FHIT, MGMT, p16, and RASSF1A are potential superior biomarkers for the screening and auxiliary detection of lung cancer
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