Abstract
The technique described as indirect bonding is an alternative to the conventional intraoral method of bracket placement. The appliance position is planned and fixed on a plaster model and then transferred into the oral cavity. Indirect bonding is a precise and time-saving technique of bracket placement, growing in popularity in recent years. It provides a combination of great precision with time efficiency. The fundaments of the indirect bonding technique are presented here. From the first clinical trial conducted almost fifty years ago, the method has evolved; the progress that has been made is described. Modern technologies involving computer scanning and manufacturing have led to great precision in bracket placement. Digital innovations such as rapid prototyping and stereolithography open up a new avenue of research and represent the next steps in indirect technique development. Individual 3D transfers are convenient in difficult clinical cases and can improve the effectiveness of the procedure, reduce the number of technical stages and reduce total chairside time. This paper also summarizes the advancement in adhesive materials, including an overview of advantages and disadvantages of different types of bonding resins and of the mean shear bond strength (SBS) achieved in the indirect procedure.
Highlights
Proper bracket placement is crucial in orthodontic treatment and with a suitable arch wire provides the desired mechanical effect
The aim of this paper is to present the development of the indirect bonding technique, on the basis of the current literature
Developments in indirect bonding have made the technique easier to introduce in clinical practice
Summary
Proper bracket placement is crucial in orthodontic treatment and with a suitable arch wire provides the desired mechanical effect. The innovative indirect bonding technique was developed in 1972 by Silvermann [1] in response to ongoing progress in adhesive techniques, and aimed to improve the precision of bracket placement with a limited amount of chairside time. A precise bonding pad, including the bracket thechemically compositecured resin, composite was created[4,5]. In the precise bonding pad,was including bracket the with the composite resin, was created and for each tooth. The second of as resin, a sealant, was spread on the enamel between the tooth and orthodontic bracket component was obtained a consequence of chemical reaction. After final attachment of brackets to the enamel surface and material setting, a debonding procedure with SBS testing was implemented. Researchers commonly used a universal testing attachment of brackets to the enamel surface and material setting, a debonding procedure with SBS testing was implemented. The tip of the device shifted parallel to the long axis of the tooth as close as possible to the bracket-enamel connection [5,8–14]
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