Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a group of symptoms with obesity as the main determinant. Obesity increases oxidative stress which results in an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants. Robusta coffee leaves are a source of antioxidants that can increase antioxidant levels in the body. The study was conducted to prove the effect of Robusta coffee leaves on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in metabolic syndrome rats. An experimental study of randomized pre-post test with control group design was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats. The rats besides the control group 1 were fed with high fat-fructose diet (HFFD) for 14 days. Samples were divided into 6 groups, each of 6 rats: control group 1 healthy rat without treatment (K1), control group 2 rats without treatment (K2), rats were given 20 mg/kg of mangiferin (X1), groups X2, X3, and X4 were given Robusta coffee leaves with each of dose is 0.09 g/200 g BW, 0.18 g/200 g BW and 0.36 g/200 gBW. Each dose of coffee leaves was steeped with 3.6 mL of water at 70°C for 10 mins. The intervention was given for 28 days. The metabolic syndrome was achieved with blood glucose level 131.14-132.70 mg/dL, triglycerides 153.49-157.18 mg/dL, and HDL 24.59-26.22 mg/dL. The highest increased in SOD levels in group X4 (35.78±8.27 u/mL) (p=0.000). The intervention of Robusta coffee leaves 0.36 g/200 g BW is the most effective dose in increasing SOD levels in metabolic syndrome rats.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and high blood pressure (Lam and LeRoith, 2019)
Based on National Cholesterol Education Program which is modified for the Asian region define metabolic syndrome as having three or more of conditions, such as waist circumference of more than 90 cm in men and more than 80 cm in women; triglyceride level over 150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) less than 45 mg/ dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women; blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg or higher; and fasting glucose level more than 110 mg/dL (Kaur, 2014)
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of brewed Robusta coffee leaves on Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in metabolic syndrome rats
Summary
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and high blood pressure (Lam and LeRoith, 2019). Based on National Cholesterol Education Program which is modified for the Asian region define metabolic syndrome as having three or more of conditions, such as waist circumference of more than 90 cm in men and more than 80 cm in women; triglyceride level over 150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) less than 45 mg/ dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women; blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg or higher; and fasting glucose level more than 110 mg/dL (Kaur, 2014). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the world is between 10% and 84% based on ethnicity, age, gender, and race. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in America in 2000 was about 47 million adult population. From 1988-1994 to 2007-2012, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in America increased from 25.3% to 34.2% in adults aged 18 years or older (Moore et al, 2017). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indonesia increased by 23% in 2005 (Suhaema and Masthalina, 2015)
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