Abstract
Abstract Objectives: To describe the circumstances of inclusion of female nurses in the Second World War through the Brazilian Air Force, and discuss the challenges faced by and the achievements of these nurses. Methods: Socio-historical study developed with textual and photographic sources, in addition to oral sources through interviews with war veterans. Data were treated according to the historical method and discussed with concepts support from the theory of social world, by Pierre Bourdieu. Results: The research has demonstrated that the inclusion of female nurses to the Air Force was characterized by social and symbolic effects of war demands and gender boundaries. Conclusion: The great challenge was the official incorporation of women by the Brazilian Air Forces in the post-war period. For this purpose, the organization of a flight female nurses cadre during the conflict was fundamental. Moreover, the record of this history reiterates the Nursing's legacy and the necessity of preparation for care in chaos situations.
Highlights
In several countries, the necessity of structuring health services in the military forces' scope was argument for the use of female nurses in these culturally masculine spaces
The great challenge was the official incorporation of women by the Brazilian Air Forces in the post-war period
The official incorporation of female nurses in military institutions has occurred mainly at moments of war, occasions recognized as important vectors of Nursing qualification
Summary
The necessity of structuring health services in the military forces' scope was argument for the use of female nurses in these culturally masculine spaces. In the context of this conflict, the Brazilian Air Force (FAB in the Portuguese acronym) was created in January 20, 1941, following the tendency of modern war of application and technological development of aircrafts, which would amplify the military conflicts to the airspace.[4]. Some months after this event, on August 31, 1942, state of war was declared in the whole national territory, which was specially motivated by the attack to 19 merchant vessels by the Nazis, situation that caused the death of 346 members of the crew and 410 passengers. This placed Brazil beside the United States of America and, as consequence, beside the Allied countries, which included British Emperor, Soviet Union, China, Poland and France, among others, opposed to Germany, Italy and Japan, Axis powers that represented the Nazi-fascist powers of war
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