Abstract
Bacteria, which are the most common pathogens in water, gain entrance into water mostly through fecal contamination and this poses significant risks to human and animal health. The causative agent of cholera is globally autochthonous to the aquatic environment and it’s not confined to only cholera endemic areas. This study is a survey of the microbiological quality of Oyun River and most importantly using the detection and incidence of Vibrio cholerae as an additional indicator of pollution of faecal origin. Molecular characterization and confirmation of bacterial isolates were done via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The microbiological and molecular analysis revealed the presence of E. coli, Streptococcus thermophillusTH1435, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus wp_051483013, Enterobacter cloacae strain sugR_1, Vibrio campbellii HYO1 Vibrio cholerae and Thermobaculum terenum in the Oyun River. Further sequence analysis revealed the presence of six new strains of enteric bacteria which was allocated the following accession numbers after deposition at the GenBank (MT275484; MT275485; MT275486; MT275487; MT275488; MT275489). The confirmation of isolates from the Vibrio genus and other enteric bacteria posits that the pollution is of faecal origin and thus, adequate monitoring to control activities along the riverside should be upheld by both the citizens and government authorities to avoid preventable outbreaks.
Highlights
Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacteria are normally absent from a healthy intestine unless infection occurs (Sharma, 2013)
Vibrio cholerae which is a "comma" shaped Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria with a single, polar flagellum is the most important human pathogen belonging to the genus “Vibrio”
Sequence analysis and blast result of the amplicons confirms the presence of E. coli, Streptococcus thermophilusTH1435, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus wp_051483013, Enterobacter cloacae strain sugR_1, Vibrio campbellii HYO1, Vibrio cholerae, and Thermobaculum terenum while six of the analysed sequences was confirmed as new strains of enteric bacteria from genus Enterobacterales
Summary
Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacteria (organism) are normally absent from a healthy intestine unless infection occurs (Sharma, 2013). Bacteria, which are the most common pathogens in water, gain entrance into water mostly through fecal contamination and this poses significant risks to human and animal health (Figueras et al, 2000). Vibrio cholerae which is a "comma" shaped Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria with a single, polar flagellum is the most important human pathogen belonging to the genus “Vibrio”. Other species that are occasional human pathogens but with similar characteristics to Vibrio cholerae include V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii, V. metschnikovii and V. hollisae (Huq et al, 2012)
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