Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 15-34-year-aged Lithuanian males and females during 1991 - 2008MethodsA contact system with general practitioners covering 100% of the 15-34-year-aged Lithuanian population was the primary data source. Reports from regional endocrinologists and statistical note-marks of State patient insurance fund served as secondary sources for case ascertainment.ResultsThe average age-standardized incidence rate was 8.30 per 100,000 persons per year (95% Poisson distribution confidence interval [CI] 7.90-8.71) during 1991 - 2008 and was statistically significantly higher among males (10.44 per 100,000 persons per year, 95% CI 9.82-11.10) in comparison with females (6.10 per 100,000, 95% CI 5.62-6.62). Male/female rate ratio was 1.71 (95% CI 1.63-1.80). Results of the linear 1991 - 2008 regression model showed that the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 15-34-year-aged males and females decreased slightly over the time (r = -0.215, p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur data demonstrated the male predominance in primary incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 15-34-year-aged population in Lithuania. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 15-34-year-aged males and females decreased slightly during 1991-2008.
Highlights
The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 1534-year-aged Lithuanian males and females during 1991 - 2008
The number of incident 15-34-year-aged type 1 diabetes cases diagnosed in Lithuania from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2008 was 1591 (1014 males and 577 females) (Table 1)
The average age-standardized 18-year incidence rates in entire 15-34-year age group was 8.30 per 100,000 persons per year (95% Poisson distribution confidence interval [confidence intervals (CI)] 7.90-8.71), and a trend was found towards pointedly higher incidence among males (10.44 per 100,000 persons per year, 95% CI 9.82-11.10) in comparison with females (6.10 per 100,000 persons per year, 95% CI 5.62-6.62). c2 gender difference was 493.99, df = 3, p < 0.000001
Summary
The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in 1534-year-aged Lithuanian males and females during 1991 - 2008. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by non-genetic, probably environmental, factors operating in a genetically susceptible host to initiate a destructive immune process [1]. In children type 1 diabetes usually have been considered as multifactorial disease in which environmental risk factors trigger an immune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic beta cells in genetically susceptible persons [5]. There are limited worldwide data allowing evaluating geographical and temporal trends for the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in adults [8,10,11,12,13,14,15], and only one international comparison of type 1 diabetes incidence among 15-29-year-aged inhabitants from 9 study centres of Europe [6]. Other ethnic groups were Poles (6.7%), Russians (6.3%), and 3.5% - one hundred eleven other ethnicities [16]
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